The judges precede Saul, David and Solomon; the kingdom later divides. 1 Kings 11:41–12:24 ↗
4
Assyrian conquest of Samaria
The northern capital falls and inhabitants are deported during Assyrian expansion. 2 Kings 17:5–6 ↗
5
Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem
The temple and city are destroyed and a deportation follows. 2 Kings 25:8–21 ↗
6
Persian-period return
Ezra places return and rebuilding under Cyrus of Persia. Ezra 1:1–5 ↗
7
Hellenistic and Roman periods
Successive imperial rule forms the historical setting for later Jewish resistance, the New Testament and Jerusalem’s destruction.
8
Later diaspora research
Claims connecting ancient Israel with later communities require separate linguistic, documentary, genealogical and geographic evidence. Similarity alone is not proof.